The Metabolic Chronic Disease Early Diagnosis and Monitoring with Blood Biomarkers
1 Department of Laboratory and Clinical Sciences, Collage of Pharmacy, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
2 Collage of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy, 2026, 16(01), 009-020.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjbp.2026.16.1.0013
Publication history:
Received on 06 December 2025; revised on 18 January 2026; accepted on 21 January 2026
Abstract:
This paper has intended to assess the use of blood biomarkers in the early diagnosis and management of metabolic chronic diseases. The used 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) involved in the research as participants, including 50 patients and 50 healthy controls, with the collaboration of the internal medicine and endocrinology clinics in Samarra Teaching Hospital. The findings indicated that body mass index improved significantly in the patients and this indicated the importance of obesity as a key risk factor in metabolic disorders. There was an increased level of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL-C and triglycerides, reduced HDL-C, and liver enzymes, suggesting a two-fold impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism with possible hepatic involvement. The hormonal and immunological examination showed an augmentation of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, a decline of adiponectin, an increase of leptin and Leptin/Adiponectin ratio and hs-CRP, which is indicative of insulin resistance, dysfunction of adipose tissue, and low-grade inflammation. Correlation analyses showed that there were strong relationships between these biomarkers and the parameters of metabolism with HOMA-IR showing positive correlations with glucose and triglycerides, the Leptin/Adiponectin ratio responding negatively with HDL-C, and hs-CRP responding positively with body mass index, as obesity, metabolic disturbances, and inflammatory status are interconnected. It was found that HOMA-IR and Leptin/Adiponectin ratio were high diagnostic values to differentiate the patients and healthy controls, and hs-CRP was supportive indicative. These findings reflect a sequence of interconnected biological events, including visceral fat accumulation, dysregulation of adipokine secretion, insulin resistance, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation, which increase the likelihood of metabolic complications. The study suggests that monitoring these blood biomarkers provides an opportunity for early intervention through lifestyle modifications or pharmacological therapy, enhancing their potential for early detection of at-risk individuals and improving clinical and preventive management.
Keywords:
Early Diagnosis; Blood glucose; Leptin; Metabolic; Immunological examination
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Copyright © 2026 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0